Modeling Frequency Drift in Real-World DSP Systems for Robust Filtering
Introduction Most DSP algorithms assume stationary frequency content. Real systems violate this constantly. Drift arises from: temperature variation mechanical speed changes power supply instability oscillator tolerance Ignoring drift produces fragile filters. Physical Sources of Drift Common mechanisms include: crystal oscillator offset motor RPM variation thermal expansion nonlinear load behavior Drift is structural — not noise. Statistical Drift Envelope Modeling Engineering pipelines estimate: minimum frequency maximum frequency bandwidth expansion percentile motion limits Rather than single-point frequency. ...